Ticks are capable of transmitting many illnesses to humans.
As Lyme disease is spreading so are other tick-borne infections. I created this page to help identify the different species of North American ticks by region and catalog the major tick borne diseases they carry. While my maps focus on the continental U.S. it is a known fact that migrating birds who carry ticks do not stop on borders. Many of the species listed thrive in parts of Mexico and Canada as well. The reality is tick-borne illnesses are not limited to the East Coast or deer ticks.Note: One tick is capable of transmitting more than one infection.
North American Tick-borne Diseases:
(See tick taxonomy and distribution maps below)
Anaplasmosis- Transmitted by all Blacklegged tick
Arborvirus- (aka: Rift Valley fever virus, Dengue, Japanese fever virus, African swine fever virus, West Nile, Yellow Fever, Tick borne encephalitis virus)
Transmitted by ticks, mosquitos, sandflies
Babesiosis- all Blacklegged tick
Bartonellosis- (aka: Cat Scratch disease, Carrions disease, trench fever)
Transmitted by cats, dogs, ticks, humans (body louse)
Borrelia- (Relapsing Fever Species) Spirochetal bacteria transmitted by hard and soft body tick.
- B. bissettii
- B. crocidurae
- B. duttoni
- B. hermsii
- B. miyamotoi
- B. parkerii
- B. recurrentis
- B. turicatae
Bourbon Virus- Transmission unknown possibly ticks and other insects.
Colorado tick fever- transmitted by Rocky Mountain wood tick about 4,000 - 10,000 feet.
Coltivirus- (aka: Colorado tick fever and European Eyach) transmitted by ticks
Ehlichiosis- Transmission by Lone Star tick
Flavivirus- Is a class of Arborvirus
Heartland Virus- Transmission unknown, possibly Lone Star tick
Lyme Disease - Spirichetal bacteria transmitted by all Blacklegged tick
. B. burgdorferi, Sensu stricto
. B. Burgdorferi Sensu lato (afzelii, bavariensis, bissettii, finlandensis, garinii, Mayonii, spielmanii, valaisiana)
Nairovirus- (aka: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever)
Transmitted by ticks, cattle, goats, sheep, livestock, humans (bodily fluids)
Obivirus- (aka: Blue tongue virus)
Phlebovirus- Transmitted by sandflies, ticks, mosquitos.
Powassan Disease- all Blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapulars & pacificus) and Groundhog tick (Ixodes cookei)
Q-Fever- Ticks, cattle, sheep, goats, unpasturized milk, (rare human-to-human)
Rickettsiosis- (aka: tick borne spotted fever)
- Rickettsia parkeri-Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum)
- Rickettsia 364D- Pacific Coast tick (Dermacentor occidentalis)
Rhabdovirus- there are 71 species including rabies. Vectors include: fish, birds, cattle, ticks, mosquitos.
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)- American dog tick (Dermacentor variables), Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni), and Brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguine us)
Southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI)- Lone star tick (Ambylomma americanum)
Tacaribe Virus
Tick Paralysis- is caused by a neurotoxin carried in tick saliva.
Tularemia- Transmitted throughout N. America by American dog tick, wood tick and lone star tick.
North American Ticks (limited to those that feed on humans)
Quarter for Size Reference:
 |
| Left -> Right nymph, female, male |
- Host: birds, white tail deer
 |
| unengorged, 1/4 engorged, 1/2 engorged, fully engorged |
Ambylomma maculatum (aka: Gulf Coast tick)
- Host: rodents, birds, deer
Dermacentor andersoni (aka: Rocky Mountain wood tick)
- Host: rodents, deer, large mammals
Dermacentor occidentals (aka: Pacific Coast tick) Found along the Pacific Coast from Oregon to Baja
- Host: rodents, squirrels, cattle, horses, deer
Dermacentor variabilis (aka: American dog tick)
- Host: rodents & dogs
Ixodes cookie (aka: groundhog or woodchuck tick) Found throughout the Eastern 1/2 of North America.
- Host: small rodents, small mammals, foxes
Ixodes pacificus (aka: Western backlegged tick)
- Host: lizards, rodents, squirrels, birds, deer
Ixodes scapulars (aka: Midwest & Eastern blacklegged tick)
- Host: white footed mouse, deer
Rhipicephalus sangunineus (aka: brown dog tick)
- Host: dogs
Source: CDC - Ticks
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